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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Acquiring Fluorescence Time-lapse Movies of Budding Yeast and Analyzing Single-cell Dynamics using GRAFTS
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Evolving a 24-hr oscillator in budding yeast.

Gregg A Wildenberg1, Andrew W Murray1

  • 1Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.

Elife
|November 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Scientists studied the evolution of complex traits in yeast by selecting for daily cycles of fluorescence. Unexpectedly, this led to changes in cell adhesion, causing yeast populations to switch between single cells and clumps.

Keywords:
S. cerevisiaechromosomescircadian rhythmcomplex traitsevolutionary biologyevolutionary noveltyexperimental evolutiongenesgenomegenomicsyeast

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Cell biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Understanding the evolution of complex traits is a central question in evolutionary biology.
  • Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a model organism for studying genetic and cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how new, complex traits evolve.
  • To explore the genetic basis of evolved complex phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Main Methods:

  • Selection for diurnal oscillations in yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Analysis of evolved cell adhesion properties and gene expression patterns.
  • Identification and characterization of causative mutations.

Main Results:

  • Selection for fluorescence oscillations resulted in changes in cell adhesion, leading to cyclical transitions between unicellular and multicellular states.
  • These oscillations occurred in a constant environment, independent of external cues, and persisted for multiple cycles.
  • Eight putative mutations were identified, and their combined effect recreated the evolved phenotype in the ancestral strain.
  • Mutated genes lacked apparent functional relationships, but gene expression shifted from haploid to diploid patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Complex phenotypes can evolve through the accumulation of mutations in genes with seemingly unrelated functions.
  • The study demonstrates a novel evolutionary pathway for complex trait development in yeast.
  • Evolved gene expression patterns, including shifts in ploidy-specific expression, contribute to novel phenotypes.