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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genomic imprinting in farm animals.

Xiuchun Cindy Tian1

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Center for Regenerative Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4163;

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
|November 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Genomic imprinting research in farm animals is advancing due to assisted reproductive technologies revealing imprinting disruptions. Mouse studies provide foundational knowledge for understanding these complex genetic mechanisms in livestock.

Keywords:
cattleepigeneticsgenomic imprintinghorsespigssheep

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting research began in mice, but lagged in farm animals due to data and cost limitations.
  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and cloning have accelerated imprinting studies in domestic species.
  • Imprinting disruptions are observed in animals produced via ARTs, highlighting their importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in genomic imprinting research in farm animals.
  • To highlight the role of mouse studies in understanding imprinting mechanisms.
  • To discuss the impact of ARTs on imprinting research in livestock.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genomic imprinting in mice and farm animals.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing cloning and ARTs to investigate imprinting.
  • Synthesis of information on imprinting mechanisms, primarily derived from mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Farm animal imprinting research has accelerated due to ARTs revealing imprinting disruption phenotypes.
  • Mouse models remain crucial for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of genomic imprinting.
  • Despite a focus on farm animals, foundational knowledge largely originates from murine studies.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in ARTs have significantly boosted genomic imprinting research in domestic animals.
  • Understanding imprinting mechanisms in farm animals benefits greatly from mouse model research.
  • Further investigation into imprinting in livestock is warranted, leveraging insights from mouse studies.