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Evolution of the modern broiler and feed efficiency.
1Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0306;
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
|November 11, 2014
Summary
Modern broiler chickens have undergone significant genetic selection over the past century, resulting in faster growth and improved feed efficiency. This review examines the historical factors and future challenges in broiler development.
Area of Science:
- Animal Science
- Agricultural Science
- Genetics
Background:
- The modern broiler chicken is a recent development within the last 100 years, despite chicken domestication occurring in the Neolithic period.
- Broiler adaptability allows global cultivation under diverse husbandry conditions, with a focus on rapid growth and feed utilization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical factors contributing to the rapid development of the modern broiler.
- To identify obstacles overcome and future limitations in broiler production.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes historical data and genetic selection information.
- Analysis of broiler growth rates and feed conversion ratios over time.
Main Results:
- Broiler chickens have shown dramatic improvements in growth rate and feed efficiency due to genetic selection.
- In 1985, a 1.40-kg broiler at 35 days required 3.22 kg of feed; by 2010, a 2.44-kg broiler required 3.66 kg of feed.
Conclusions:
- Genetic selection has been the primary driver of enhanced broiler performance.
- Continued advancements may face future limitations related to genetics, husbandry, and resource availability.
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