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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Superconductivity in iron-based materials is unconventional, often coexisting with magnetic and nematic instabilities.
  • Nematic ordering, a reduction in rotational symmetry, is a key feature preceding superconductivity in these materials.
  • The driving force behind nematicity (lattice, orbital, or spin) remains a subject of debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific degrees of freedom responsible for nematic order in iron-based superconductors.
  • To investigate the relationship between nematicity and superconductivity in FeSe.
  • To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms underlying unconventional superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to probe the electronic and magnetic properties of FeSe.
  • NMR resonance line splitting was analyzed to detect symmetry breaking.
  • Spin-lattice relaxation rates were measured to distinguish between orbital and spin contributions to nematicity.

Main Results:

  • A distinct NMR resonance line splitting was observed in FeSe at 91 K (Tnem), well above the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 9.3 K.
  • The observed splitting, occurring with magnetic fields perpendicular to the Fe planes, exhibits Landau-type order parameter behavior.
  • Crucially, spin-lattice relaxation rates remained unaffected at Tnem, ruling out spin or lattice-driven nematicity.

Conclusions:

  • Orbital degrees of freedom unequivocally drive the nematic order in FeSe.
  • Superconductivity in FeSe emerges in competition with this orbital-driven nematicity.
  • Understanding this competition is vital for designing future high-temperature superconductors.