Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

4
Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
4
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

7
Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
7
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

6
Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
6
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

2.0K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
2.0K
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

2
Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
2
Dementia01:30

Dementia

737
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
737

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neurovascular coupling and functional connectivity changes through the Alzheimer's disease spectrum: Effects of simvastatin treatment.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Proteome Profiling of Brain Vessels in a Mouse Model of Cerebrovascular Pathology.

Biology·2023
Same author

Simvastatin rescues memory and granule cell maturation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Cell death & disease·2022
Same author

Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular pathology alter inward rectifier potassium (K<sub>IR</sub> 2.1) channels in endothelium of mouse cerebral arteries.

British journal of pharmacology·2021
Same author

A functional cerebral endothelium is necessary to protect against cognitive decline.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2021
Same author

Impaired Hippocampal Neurovascular Coupling in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Frontiers in physiology·2021
Same journal

SGLT2 Inhibitors and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Elevated Lipoprotein(a): A Real-World Cohort Study.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Aspirin in primary prevention: a case for selective use.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology·2026
Same journal

GLP-1 Gene Therapy Trial for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Towards a New Paradigm for Chronic Disease Treatment.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Expert Opinion: Restrictions, Precautions, or Normalcy? Defining Everyday Risk in Patients Treated With IL-1 Blockers for Recurrent Pericarditis.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology·2026
Same journal

The Therapeutic Role of Exercise in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Underlying Mechanisms and Interactions with Antidiabetic Medications.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Cardiovascular Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors from the Perspective of Gut Microecology: Potential Roles and Research Advances of the Gut Microbiota.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Stimulation-Based Approach to Improve Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer's Model
06:34

Author Spotlight: Stimulation-Based Approach to Improve Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer's Model

Published on: June 2, 2023

2.0K

Cerebral circulation: function and dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.

Edith Hamel1

  • 1Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
|November 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease involves cerebrovascular issues from amyloid beta (Aβ) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). While both impair blood vessels, only Aβ-related deficits led to cognitive decline in mice.

More Related Videos

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

8.6K
Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

22.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Stimulation-Based Approach to Improve Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer's Model
06:34

Author Spotlight: Stimulation-Based Approach to Improve Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer's Model

Published on: June 2, 2023

2.0K
Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

8.6K
Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

22.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to cerebrovascular pathology, with elevated amyloid beta (Aβ) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) implicated.
  • Both Aβ and TGF-β1 contribute to impaired brain blood vessel function and structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct cerebrovascular and cognitive effects of Aβ and TGF-β1.
  • To compare the therapeutic potential of antioxidants and pleiotropic drugs in mouse models of AD-related cerebrovascular dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transgenic mouse models overproducing either Aβ (APP mice) or TGF-β1 (TGF mice).
  • Assessed cerebrovascular function, including nitric oxide-mediated dilation and channel signaling, under basal and stimulated conditions (whisker stimulation).
  • Evaluated glucose uptake and cognitive function in both mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Both APP and TGF mice exhibited cerebrovascular impairments; Aβ primarily induced oxidative stress, affecting vessel dilation and channel function.
  • Antioxidants rescued Aβ-induced deficits, while TGF-β1 deficits required pleiotropic therapies.
  • Whisker stimulation impaired blood flow in both models, but only APP mice showed reduced glucose uptake, indicating preserved neuronal function in TGF mice.
  • Cognitive deficits were observed exclusively in APP mice and were age-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Aβ and TGF-β1 induce distinct cerebrovascular deficits with different underlying mechanisms and therapeutic responses.
  • Aβ-driven cerebrovascular dysfunction is a key contributor to cognitive impairment in this AD model.
  • Targeting oxidative stress and employing pleiotropic therapies show promise for managing AD-related vascular pathology.