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Structure and Bonding of Alkenes02:47

Structure and Bonding of Alkenes

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Olefins, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon–carbon double bonds, are broadly divided into alkenes and cycloalkenes. The general chemical formula of an alkene is CnH2n.
Doubly bonded carbons are sp2 hybridized and have a trigonal planar geometry. The double bond is composed of a σ bond formed by the overlap of hybrid orbitals and a π bond produced by the lateral overlap of unhybridized 2p orbitals on both the carbons. Each carbon atom is...
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Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
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Isomerism in Alkenes02:01

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Alkenes like 1-butene and 2-butene exhibit constitutional isomerism, as they differ in the position of the double bond. Further, 2-butene exhibits stereoisomerism and exists as two distinct compounds differing in spatial arrangement.
An isomer is called cis-2-butene when the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, and the other stereoisomer, in which methyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, is called trans-2-butene. The cis and trans stereoisomers are not...
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Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes02:37

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Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The...
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Relative Stabilities of Alkenes01:59

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The relative stability of alkenes can be determined by comparing their heats of hydrogenation. The lower heat of hydrogenation indicates the more stable alkene.  The three main factors determining the relative stability of alkenes are i) the number of substituents attached to the double-bond carbon atoms, ii) hyperconjugation, and iii) the stereochemistry of the double bond.
16.4K
Introduction to Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes02:24

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12.1K
The double bond in a simple, unconjugated alkene is a region of high electron density that can act as a weak base or a nucleophile. The filled π orbital (HOMO) of the double bond can interact with the empty LUMO of an electrophile. A bonding interaction occurs when the electrophile attacks between the two carbons; the electrophile then accepts a pair of electrons from the π bond and undergoes addition across the double bond, yielding a single product.
Addition and elimination...
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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Cation-alkane interaction.

J Richard Premkumar1, G Narahari Sastry

  • 1Centre for Molecular Modelling, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007, India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|November 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cation-alkane interactions are strong noncovalent forces, primarily driven by induction. These interactions, comparable to cation-π interactions, show significant modulation in strength and topological features.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Noncovalent interactions are fundamental in chemistry and biology.
  • Cation-π interactions are well-studied and significant.
  • Understanding cation-alkane interactions is crucial for various chemical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and strength of cation-alkane interactions.
  • To compare cation-alkane interactions with other noncovalent forces.
  • To analyze the role of induction in cation-alkane bonding.

Main Methods:

  • Ab initio computations up to CCSD(T)/CBS.
  • MP2/cc-pVTZ calculations.
  • Density Functional Theory-Symmetry Adapted Perturbation Theory (DFT-SAPT).
  • Atoms in Molecules (AIM) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Cation-alkane interactions are predominantly governed by the induction component.
  • Interaction strength and topological features are significantly modulated.
  • These interactions are notably strong, comparable to cation-π interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Cation-alkane interactions represent a strong class of noncovalent forces.
  • Induction plays a key role in the strength of these interactions.
  • The findings provide insights into the behavior of ions interacting with alkanes.