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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

106
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
106
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

656
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic...
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Treatment principles for Candida and Cryptococcus.

Laura C Whitney1, Tihana Bicanic2

  • 1Pharmacy Department, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|November 12, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Candida and Cryptococcus yeasts are opportunistic pathogens causing serious infections. Effective treatment involves rapid antifungal agents, source control for Candida, and immune restoration with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for Cryptococcus.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunocompromised Host Pathogens

Background:

  • Candida and Cryptococcus species are significant human opportunistic fungal pathogens.
  • Candida bloodstream infections occur via breaches in skin or mucosa.
  • Cryptococcus infections are associated with advanced HIV and impaired cell-mediated immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current therapeutic strategies for invasive Candida and Cryptococcus infections.
  • To highlight key management principles for candidaemia and cryptococcal meningitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established treatment guidelines and clinical practices for yeast infections.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic approaches and management of disseminated infections.

Main Results:

  • Treatment requires rapidly fungicidal antifungal agents for both pathogens.
  • Candidaemia management necessitates source control, including removal of prosthetics and drainage of collections.
  • Cryptococcal meningitis treatment focuses on restoring immune function with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and managing complications like raised intracranial pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt and appropriate antifungal therapy is crucial for both Candida and Cryptococcus infections.
  • Integrated management strategies, including source control and immune reconstitution, improve patient outcomes.
  • Addressing disseminated sites and potential relapses is vital for successful treatment.