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Growth Restriction in Infants and Young Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Claire L Costello1, Marcelee Gellatly2, Jane Daniel2

  • 1Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Mater Children's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

Congenital Heart Disease
|November 12, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Growth restriction is common in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Poor growth and feeding issues in these patients are linked to longer hospital stays, highlighting the need for early nutritional support.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Growth and Development

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects numerous infants and children globally.
  • Growth restriction is a significant concern in pediatric populations with chronic conditions.
  • Understanding factors influencing growth in CHD is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of growth restriction in infants and young children with CHD.
  • To investigate the relationship between poor growth, feeding difficulties, cardiac classification, and nutrition intervention.
  • To explore the impact of these factors on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational cohort study involving 78 infants and young children (0-3 years) with CHD.
  • Data collection included anthropometry, growth history, cardiac classification, diagnosis, feeding difficulty, and nutrition intervention.
  • Participants were admitted to the hospital for cardiac surgery.

Main Results:

  • A significant prevalence of growth restriction was observed: 23% for weight/age, 21% for height/age, and 18% for weight/height (z-score ≤ -2).
  • Faltering growth preadmission, tube feeding requirements, cyanotic CHD diagnosis, and feeding difficulties were associated with increased hospital length of stay.
  • Statistical significance was noted for these associations (P values ranging from .002 to .015).

Conclusions:

  • Growth restriction is a persistent challenge in children with CHD.
  • Faltering growth and lower growth parameters correlate with prolonged hospital stays.
  • Early nutritional screening and intervention from diagnosis are recommended to improve outcomes for children with CHD.
Abstract

Keywords:
Congenital Heart Disease/DefectsDysphagiaFeeding DifficultyGrowthInfant/ChildNutrition

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