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Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Transcanalicular Diode Laser-assisted Dacryocystorhinostomy for the Treatment of Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
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[Whether external dacryocystorhinostomy will be abandoned].

Dongmei Li1, Jingwen Ding1

  • 1Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China.

[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology
|November 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

External dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) remains a gold standard for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. While endoscopic DCR offers benefits like scar avoidance, external DCR

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Surgical Techniques

Background:

  • External dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the established gold standard for nasolacrimal duct obstruction and chronic dacryocystitis.
  • Endoscopic endonasal DCR is gaining popularity due to advancements in endoscopic surgery for naso-orbit diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and considerations of external DCR versus endoscopic endonasal DCR.
  • To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of both surgical approaches for nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of surgical outcomes and characteristics of external DCR and endoscopic endonasal DCR.
  • Review of patient conditions, surgeon experience, and resource availability in surgical approach selection.

Main Results:

  • Endoscopic DCR avoids external scars and can address concurrent nasal conditions.
  • Endoscopic DCR may have lower long-term success rates, higher technical demands, and greater costs.
  • External DCR demonstrates proven efficacy and advantages over nearly a century.

Conclusions:

  • The choice between external and endoscopic DCR depends on individual patient factors, surgeon expertise, and available resources.
  • External DCR retains significant advantages and warrants continued widespread application and attention.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize endoscopic DCR outcomes and reduce its limitations.