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Central gain control in tinnitus and hyperacusis.

Benjamin D Auerbach1, Paulo V Rodrigues1, Richard J Salvi1

  • 1Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, NY , USA.

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|November 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sensorineural hearing loss can paradoxically increase central auditory activity, a phenomenon known as central gain enhancement. This review explores central gain

Keywords:
central gain enhancementhomeostatic plasticityhyperacusislateral inhibitiontinnitus

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology of Hearing Loss

Background:

  • Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) from noise or ototoxic drugs diminishes cochlear output to the central auditory system.
  • Paradoxically, neural activity in central auditory structures increases at suprathreshold intensities despite reduced sensory input.
  • This phenomenon is termed central gain enhancement and is implicated in auditory disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting central gain enhancement in the central auditory system following cochlear damage.
  • To investigate potential cellular and molecular mechanisms driving central gain enhancement.
  • To discuss the contribution of central gain enhancement to the pathophysiology of tinnitus and hyperacusis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating central auditory system function after cochlear damage.
  • Analysis of research on cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neural plasticity in auditory pathways.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking central gain enhancement to subjective auditory perceptual disorders.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports the existence of central gain enhancement in response to cochlear damage.
  • Multiple mechanisms, varying in temporal and spectral profiles, likely contribute to central gain enhancement.
  • Central gain enhancement is a significant factor in the development of tinnitus and hyperacusis.

Conclusions:

  • Central gain enhancement is a key compensatory mechanism in the central auditory system following SNHL.
  • Understanding the diverse mechanisms of central gain is crucial for developing effective treatments for tinnitus and hyperacusis.
  • Further research dissecting these mechanisms at different neural levels is essential for therapeutic advancements.