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Stevens-Johnson syndrome/erythema multiforme major and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in young patients

Ana Filipa Duarte1, Maria João Cruz2, Elisabete Moreira2

  • 1Hospital São João, EPE and Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal;

Dermatology Reports
|November 12, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Chlamydia pneumoniae infections may trigger Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Erythema Multiforme Major (EMM), especially when co-infecting with other pathogens. Suspect Chlamydia pneumoniae in SJS/EMM patients, particularly those with respiratory symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Erythema multiforme major (EMM) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are mucocutaneous conditions often triggered by infections or drugs.
  • Distinguishing severe EMM from SJS can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms like extensive target lesions and mucous membrane involvement.

Observation:

  • This study reports four patients (one with SJS, three with EMM) without recent drug exposure.
  • All patients presented with Chlamydia pneumoniae co-infection, alongside other pathogens like Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Herpes Simplex Virus.

Findings:

  • The findings suggest Chlamydia pneumoniae may act as a trigger for SJS and EMM, particularly when co-infecting with other common triggers.
  • This challenges the traditional view of SJS/EMM triggers, highlighting a potential role for this intracellular bacterium.

Implications:

  • Chlamydia pneumoniae should be considered in the differential diagnosis of SJS/EMM, especially in patients with concurrent respiratory symptoms.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of Chlamydia pneumoniae in SJS/EMM development.
Keywords:
Chlamydia pneumoniae.Stevens-Johnson syndromeerythema multiforme major

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