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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2): pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system
1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061;
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
|November 12, 2014
Summary
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes widespread disease in pigs by attacking immune cells, leading to immunosuppression. Understanding PCV2
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
- Animal Health
Background:
- Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main cause of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD).
- PCV2 infects immune cells, causing lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression in pigs, worsening disease severity.
- Viral and host genetic factors influence PCV2 susceptibility and pathogenesis, but viral determinants of virulence are unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the complex interactions between PCV2, host immune cells, and genetic factors in PCVAD pathogenesis.
- To understand the immunological correlates of protection against PCV2 infection.
- To identify gaps in knowledge regarding PCV2 virulence and emerging strains.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on PCV2 pathogenesis, immunology, and host-pathogen interactions.
- Analysis of immune cell function modulation by PCV2.
- Examination of the role of cytokines and host genetics in disease progression.
Main Results:
- PCV2 targets lymphoid tissues and immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells), impairing their function.
- Upregulation of IL-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines contributes to PCVAD pathogenesis.
- Host genetics play a role in susceptibility, while viral virulence factors remain uncharacterized.
Conclusions:
- Effective vaccines exist, but emerging PCV2 strains necessitate ongoing research.
- Neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immunity are crucial for protection.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate PCV2 pathogenesis, immune evasion strategies, and genetic determinants of virulence.
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