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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

6
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

7
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
7
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

6
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
6
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

7
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
7
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

9.6K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
9.6K
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

7
Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
7

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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[Children with hyperthyroidism due to elevated hCG levels].

Jasper J Jöbsis1, A S Paul van Trotsenburg, Johannes H M Merks

  • 1Tergooi, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Blaricum.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|November 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can cause hyperthyroidism in children, mimicking thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and leading to high estradiol. This diagnosis is crucial for antibody-negative thyrotoxicosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hyperthyroidism in children can have various causes.
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) shares structural similarities with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
  • Elevated hCG levels can potentially impact thyroid function and pubertal development.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases of hyperthyroidism secondary to elevated hCG are presented.
  • One patient had gestational trophoblastic disease, and the other had choriocarcinoma.
  • The high-dose hook effect can interfere with hCG testing, complicating diagnosis.

Findings:

  • hCG can activate the TSH receptor, leading to hyperthyroidism.
  • hCG's luteinizing hormone (LH)-mimicking effect can cause elevated estradiol levels.
  • This hormonal imbalance can result in stormy pubertal development.

Implications:

  • hCG-induced hyperthyroidism should be considered in antibody-negative thyrotoxicosis.
  • Accurate hCG testing is vital for diagnosing this condition.
  • Understanding hCG's dual hormonal effects is important for pediatric endocrine management.