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Screening tools for dysphagia: a systematic review.

Camila Lucia Etges1, Betina Scheeren1, Erissandra Gomes2

  • 1Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

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Summary

This systematic review analyzed screening tools for dysphagia (swallowing disorders). The study found these instruments are diverse and designed to identify patients with swallowing difficulties.

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Area of Science:

  • * Clinical assessment and diagnostics
  • * Speech-language pathology
  • * Public health screening

Background:

  • * Dysphagia, or swallowing disorders, affects patient quality of life and can lead to serious health complications.
  • * Early identification of dysphagia is crucial for timely intervention and management.
  • * A variety of screening instruments exist, but their heterogeneity poses challenges for widespread clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To systematically review and synthesize available literature on screening instruments for dysphagia.
  • * To identify the characteristics and methodologies of existing dysphagia screening tools.
  • * To provide an overview of the current landscape of dysphagia screening in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • * Systematic literature search conducted in April-June 2013 using databases like PubMed and Virtual Health Library.
  • * Keywords included "questionnaires," "questionários," "deglutition disorders," "transtornos de deglutição," "mass screening," and "programas de rastreamento."
  • * Inclusion criteria encompassed articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, focusing on dysphagia screening instruments; 20 studies were selected after full-text review.

Main Results:

  • * A total of 1,012 articles were initially identified, with 20 selected for final analysis.
  • * The earliest publication on dysphagia screening instruments dates back to 1999, with 50% of studies originating from the USA.
  • * Screening methods incorporated questionnaires, observation of clinical signs/symptoms, orofacial motor assessments, and functional swallowing tests (water/food).

Conclusions:

  • * Dysphagia screening instruments exhibit significant heterogeneity in their design and target populations.
  • * The primary aim of these instruments is the identification of individuals with swallowing disorders.
  • * Further standardization or clear categorization of existing tools may be beneficial for clinical practice.