Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

1.4K
Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
1.4K
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

38.9K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
38.9K
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

69
Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
69

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical Predictors of Fatal Outcomes from Human Leptospirosis, Thailand, 2015-2024.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Early diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis: Optimizing clinical outcomes.

The Journal of infection·2026
Same author

cGAS-STING dependent type I IFN reduces Leptospira interrogans renal colonization in mice.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

cGAS-STING dependent type I IFN protects against <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> renal colonization in mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Leptospirosis-Improving Healthcare Outcomes for a Neglected Tropical Disease.

Open forum infectious diseases·2025
Same author

MicroRNA biomarkers and host response pathways in severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome due to leptospirosis: A multi-omics study.

The Journal of infection·2025
Same journal

Correction to: Resolution of Skeletal Muscle Inflammation: Role of Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators in the Recovery from Exercise, Injury, and Disease.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology·2026
Same journal

Resolution Biology in Soft Tissue Joint Disease.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology·2026
Same journal

A 25+ Year Journey on Yeast-Regulated Cell Death Research.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology·2026
Same journal

Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology·2026
Same journal

Resolution Pharmacology Targeting the Melanocortin System.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology·2026
Same journal

Resolution of Skeletal Muscle Inflammation: Role of Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators in the Recovery from Exercise, Injury, and Disease.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Leptospira DNA Detection in Water for Environmental Analysis and Disease Surveillance
06:05

Author Spotlight: Leptospira DNA Detection in Water for Environmental Analysis and Disease Surveillance

Published on: June 14, 2024

2.1K

Leptospirosis in humans.

David A Haake1, Paul N Levett

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, dhaake@ucla.edu.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|November 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease spread by infected animals like rats, causes epidemics after floods. Severe cases depend on conditions, host factors, and pathogen virulence, with mortality increasing with age.

More Related Videos

A Modular Workflow for Quantitative, Structural and Functional Analysis of Leptospira Biofilms
08:51

A Modular Workflow for Quantitative, Structural and Functional Analysis of Leptospira Biofilms

Published on: December 19, 2025

363
High-throughput Parallel Sequencing to Measure Fitness of Leptospira interrogans Transposon Insertion Mutants During Golden Syrian Hamster Infection
11:50

High-throughput Parallel Sequencing to Measure Fitness of Leptospira interrogans Transposon Insertion Mutants During Golden Syrian Hamster Infection

Published on: December 18, 2017

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Leptospira DNA Detection in Water for Environmental Analysis and Disease Surveillance
06:05

Author Spotlight: Leptospira DNA Detection in Water for Environmental Analysis and Disease Surveillance

Published on: June 14, 2024

2.1K
A Modular Workflow for Quantitative, Structural and Functional Analysis of Leptospira Biofilms
08:51

A Modular Workflow for Quantitative, Structural and Functional Analysis of Leptospira Biofilms

Published on: December 19, 2025

363
High-throughput Parallel Sequencing to Measure Fitness of Leptospira interrogans Transposon Insertion Mutants During Golden Syrian Hamster Infection
11:50

High-throughput Parallel Sequencing to Measure Fitness of Leptospira interrogans Transposon Insertion Mutants During Golden Syrian Hamster Infection

Published on: December 18, 2017

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis, prevalent in tropical regions, often causing epidemics following heavy rainfall and flooding.
  • The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) is a primary reservoir host, transmitting pathogenic leptospires through urine, particularly to urban slum dwellers.
  • Climate change is expected to increase leptospirosis burden due to worsening storms and urban flooding, impacting vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of leptospirosis.
  • To highlight the role of environmental factors and host susceptibility in disease severity.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management of severe leptospirosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and surveillance data on leptospirosis.
  • Analysis of factors influencing disease severity, including age, bacteremia, and host genetic factors (HLA DQ6).
  • Description of clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for severe cases.

Main Results:

  • Most human infections are mild or asymptomatic, but severe outcomes are influenced by epidemiological conditions, host susceptibility, and pathogen virulence.
  • High levels of bacteremia and specific host genetic factors (e.g., HLA DQ6) are associated with increased disease severity and mortality.
  • Severe leptospirosis can lead to cytokine storm, multisystem organ failure (especially renal and pulmonary), hemorrhagic complications, and elevated bilirubin levels.

Conclusions:

  • Leptospirosis poses a significant public health threat, particularly in urban tropical settings, with increasing risk due to climate change.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Understanding the interplay of environmental, host, and pathogen factors is key to managing and preventing severe leptospirosis.