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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes
Published on: November 15, 2016
FIrpic: archetypal blue phosphorescent emitter for electroluminescence
Etienne Baranoff1, Basile F E Curchod
1School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK. e.baranoff@bham.ac.uk.
Abstract:
FIrpic is the most investigated bis-cyclometallated iridium complex in particular in the context of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of its attractive sky-blue emission, high emission efficiency, and suitable energy levels. In this Perspective we review the synthesis, structural characterisations, and key properties of this emitter. We also survey the theoretical studies and summarise a series of selected monochromatic electroluminescent devices using FIrpic as the emitting dopant. Finally we highlight important shortcomings of FIrpic as an emitter for OLEDs. Despite the large body of work dedicated to this material, it is manifest that the understanding of photophysical and electrochemical processes are only broadly understood mainly because of the different environment in which these properties are measured, i.e., isolated molecules in solvent vs. device.
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