Hysterosalpingography: an imaging Atlas with cross-sectional correlation

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Gynecologic Imaging
• Pelvic Anatomy

Background:

• Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is crucial for evaluating the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
• Interpreting HSG requires understanding technical artifacts, normal variants, and pathology.
• Correlative imaging like MRI and ultrasound enhances diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of Hysterosalpingography (HSG) findings.
• To detail technical artifacts, anatomic variants, congenital anomalies, pathology, and post-surgical changes visible on HSG.
• To illustrate the correlation of HSG findings with cross-sectional imaging (MRI and ultrasound).

Main Methods:

• Review of Hysterosalpingography (HSG) imaging.
• Analysis of common and uncommon findings on HSG.
• Correlation of HSG with Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Ultrasound images.

Main Results:

• HSG demonstrates a wide spectrum of findings including technical artifacts, normal anatomic variants, congenital uterine anomalies, and various uterine and tubal pathologies.
• Post-surgical changes are also identifiable on HSG.
• Correlative imaging aids in the definitive diagnosis of abnormalities suggested by HSG.

Conclusions:

• A thorough understanding of HSG imaging, including potential pitfalls and correlative cross-sectional imaging, is essential for accurate interpretation.
• This review serves as a valuable reference for radiologists interpreting Hysterosalpingography.
• Effective use of HSG combined with cross-sectional imaging improves gynecologic and pelvic diagnoses.