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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Light-regulated microRNAs.

Ashika Jayanthy1, Vijayasaradhi Setaluri

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MicroRNAs are key regulators of gene expression changes caused by electromagnetic radiation (EM) exposure. This review explores their role in cellular responses to various EM sources, including sunlight.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Radiation Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Humans are exposed to natural sunlight and artificial electromagnetic (EM) radiation.
  • Understanding cellular responses to EM radiation is crucial for physiological, pathological, and therapeutic insights.
  • Gene expression changes are observed following EM exposure, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in responses to solar and other EM radiation.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs as mediators of radiation-induced gene expression alterations.
  • To identify unifying themes in miRNA regulation and function concerning EM radiation exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating gene expression changes upon EM radiation exposure.
  • Analysis of research on microRNAs and their regulatory roles in cellular responses to radiation.
  • Synthesis of findings to elaborate on unifying themes in miRNA-mediated radiation responses.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of gene expression changes induced by various forms of EM radiation.
  • These small noncoding RNAs target messenger RNAs, influencing cellular phenotypes and physiological responses to radiation.
  • Evidence suggests a significant role for miRNAs in both adaptive and detrimental cellular reactions to EM exposure.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are central to understanding the molecular basis of cellular responses to electromagnetic radiation.
  • Further research into miRNA regulation and function in response to EM exposure is warranted.
  • Identifying specific miRNAs and their targets could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for radiation-related conditions.