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Carol L M Caton1, Haiyi Xie, Robert E Drake

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Women and men with psychosis and substance use exhibit distinct differences in symptoms and history. Gender-specific treatment approaches are recommended for primary and substance-induced psychosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Co-occurring psychosis and substance use present complex clinical challenges.
  • Understanding gender differences is crucial for effective treatment strategies in these populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare gender differences in patients with primary psychotic disorders and substance-induced psychoses.
  • To analyze the impact of gender on demographic, clinical characteristics, and illness course.

Main Methods:

  • A two-year longitudinal study of 385 individuals with early-onset psychosis and recent substance use.
  • Baseline diagnostic assessment classified patients into primary or substance-induced psychosis groups.
  • Analysis of gender effects on baseline characteristics, diagnosis interaction, and two-year outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Women demonstrated better premorbid adjustment and later onset of regular substance use but higher rates of depression and abuse histories.
  • Men had more extensive arrest histories; no significant gender-by-diagnosis interactions were found.
  • Both genders showed improvement over two years, with minimal use of mental health and substance abuse services.

Conclusions:

  • Significant gender-based variations exist in psychosis with substance use.
  • Tailored, gender-specific treatment programs are necessary for both primary and substance-induced psychosis.