The second five years of sequential injection chromatography: significant developments in the technology and...

Sequential injection chromatography was proposed in 2003 to perform a simple, rapid, reagent-saving, environmentally benign, on-site, and instrumentally inexpensive separation procedure. Sequential injection chromatography is a version of sequential injection analysis, which is the second generation in the family of flow injection techniques. Despite its advantages over high-performance liquid chromatography, sequential injection chromatography has confronted some challenges. Furthermore, the applications of sequential injection chromatography in its first five years are almost all limited to pharmaceutical analysis. Interestingly, in its second five years, various developments in sequential injection chromatography technology were achieved. The developments have enhanced the efficiency of sequential injection chromatography and hence its applications have extended to biological, food, and environmental analyses. The main objectives of this review are to examine recent developments (2008-2013) in sequential injection chromatography and to describe how these developments improve the efficiency of the technology. The sequential injection chromatography methodologies reported during that period are also discussed along with controlling conditions and analytical results. The review also describes the principles, instrumentation, and procedure behind sequential injection chromatography.