Application of solid-phase extraction for trace elements in environmental and biological samples: a review

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Trace element determination is crucial in various scientific fields.
• Preconcentration techniques are essential for detecting low analyte concentrations.
• Development of novel sorbent materials is key to improving analytical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the progress of novel sorbents for trace element determination.
• To discuss analytical approaches and modifications of solid-phase materials.
• To highlight the performance of specific sorbent types.

Main Methods:

• Review of analytical approaches for trace element determination.
• Discussion of preparation and modification of solid-phase materials.
• Analysis of ion-imprinting polymers, carbon nanotubes, biosorbents, and nanoparticles.

Main Results:

• Detailed description of the performance and features of various novel sorbents.
• Coverage of sorbent applications in preconcentration techniques.
• Identification of trends in sorbent development between 2007 and 2012.

Conclusions:

• Novel sorbents significantly advance trace element analysis.
• Specific materials like ion-imprinting polymers and nanoparticles show great promise.
• Future developments will likely focus on optimizing these advanced sorbent materials.