Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

47
The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
47
Methods to Assess Microbial Communities01:19

Methods to Assess Microbial Communities

52
Microbial communities, comprising bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microorganisms, inhabit diverse ecosystems and play crucial roles in environmental and biological processes. Their diversity is defined by three main parameters: species richness (the number of distinct species), species abundance (the relative quantity of each species), and species evenness (how uniformly individual species are distributed in various locations). These factors together shape the structure and ecological balance...
52
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

875
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
875
Methods of Classification and Identification01:28

Methods of Classification and Identification

2.2K
Bacterial identification relies on a diverse array of techniques to classify and understand microorganisms, each tailored to uncover specific characteristics. Traditional morphological approaches, while still valuable, are limited for closely related or structurally simple organisms. Modern methods integrate biochemical, serological, genetic, and advanced molecular tools to achieve greater accuracy.Morphological and Biochemical TechniquesMorphological characteristics, such as cell shape and...
2.2K
Methods to Assess Microbial Populations01:30

Methods to Assess Microbial Populations

81
Assessing microbial populations is crucial for understanding microbial roles in health, ecology, and industry. Various complementary techniques—both culture-based and molecular—enable detailed analysis of microbial abundance, diversity, and function.Viable Plate CountThe viable plate count is a traditional culture-based method used to estimate the number of living microbes in a sample. After serial dilution, the sample is spread onto nutrient agar plates. Each viable cell forms a...
81
Applications of Molecular Taxonomy01:20

Applications of Molecular Taxonomy

713
Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
713

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longitudinal change of lung microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study.

Respiratory research·2026
Same author

Model-informed development of bacteriophage therapy: bridging <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy against multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.

mSystems·2025
Same author

A human gut metagenome-assembled genome catalogue spanning 41 countries supports genome-scale metabolic models.

Nature microbiology·2025
Same author

Prevalence and predictors of self-medication with antibiotics among adults in Santo Domingo and the National District, Dominican Republic: an online cross-sectional study.

BMC public health·2025
Same author

Urinary microbiome in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: impact of sample types and sex differences.

BMC microbiology·2025
Same author

Origin and transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in hospitalized patients: a genomic and epidemiological analysis.

The Journal of hospital infection·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Efficient Nucleic Acid Extraction and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Community Characterization
12:37

Efficient Nucleic Acid Extraction and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Community Characterization

Published on: April 14, 2016

40.8K

Profiling bacterial community in upper respiratory tracts.

Hana Yi1,2,3, Dongeun Yong4, Kyungwon Lee5

  • 1School of Biosystem and Biomedial Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. hanayi@korea.ac.kr.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|November 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Viral infections alter upper respiratory tract microbiota, with distinct bacterial profiles observed in healthy individuals versus patients. Age, not virus type, influenced these profiles, identifying Moraxella nonliquefaciens as prevalent in young children.

More Related Videos

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Fermentation Microbiome Through Next-Generation Sequencing
07:34

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Fermentation Microbiome Through Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Efficient Nucleic Acid Extraction and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Community Characterization
12:37

Efficient Nucleic Acid Extraction and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Community Characterization

Published on: April 14, 2016

40.8K
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Fermentation Microbiome Through Next-Generation Sequencing
07:34

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Fermentation Microbiome Through Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Human Microbiome

Background:

  • Viral infections cause significant upper respiratory tract epithelial damage.
  • This damage can lead to alterations in the respiratory tract's bacterial microbiota.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for respiratory health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the healthy upper respiratory tract microbiota.
  • To define the microbiota composition in patients with viral respiratory infections.
  • To investigate the association between specific viral agents and microbiota profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Culture-independent pyrosequencing was used to analyze bacterial DNA.
  • Upper respiratory tract samples from 57 healthy individuals and 59 patients with viral infections were studied.
  • Fast UniFrac analysis was employed to compare bacterial population similarities.

Main Results:

  • Healthy subjects predominantly harbored Streptococcus.
  • Patients exhibited an enrichment of Haemophilus or Moraxella.
  • Six distinct oropharyngeal microbiome types were identified, primarily associated with subject age, not viral type.
  • Moraxella nonliquefaciens was found in high abundance in children under 6 years old.

Conclusions:

  • Six oropharyngeal microbiome types were identified in the study population.
  • No specific bacterial profile was linked to particular viruses.
  • A bacterium, Moraxella nonliquefaciens, was identified as specific to young patients, suggesting a potential role in pediatric respiratory conditions.