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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Overview
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Cholera01:25

Cholera

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Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Viral Recombination00:57

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes
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Ebola virus: a clear and present danger.

Eileen M Burd1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia eburd@emory.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
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Summary

The Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa is spreading due to poor sanitation and unsafe practices. Laboratories must be aware of diagnostic tests for high-risk patients, including those with emergency use authorization.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The West Africa Ebola virus disease epidemic is unprecedented in scale, particularly affecting Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.
  • Factors contributing to the spread include inadequate medical infrastructure, poor sanitation, extensive travel, and unsafe burial rituals.
  • The international medical community faces challenges in containment and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform laboratories about available diagnostic tests for Ebola virus disease (EVD).
  • To prepare healthcare facilities in the United States for the diagnosis and management of EVD patients.
  • To highlight the importance of emergency use authorization for diagnostic assays.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic capabilities for Ebola virus disease.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to the epidemic's spread.
  • Assessment of preparedness measures in healthcare settings.

Main Results:

  • Ebola virus disease cases have been diagnosed in the United States, including evacuated patients.
  • Diagnostic test availability is crucial for timely patient management.
  • Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) facilitates access to critical diagnostic tools.

Conclusions:

  • Effective laboratory awareness of diagnostic tests is vital for managing Ebola virus disease.
  • Preparedness in US hospitals is essential for handling high-risk patients.
  • Addressing the epidemic requires a multi-faceted approach including public health interventions and accessible diagnostics.