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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

18.0K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Author Spotlight: Understanding Dynamic Cellular Behaviors in Adult Mouse Dental Tissue Renewal and Repairment
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Bivalent histone modifications during tooth development.

Li-Wei Zheng1, Bin-Peng Zhang2, Ruo-Shi Xu2

  • 11] State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China [2] Department of Orthopedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.

International Journal of Oral Science
|November 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone methylation marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, and their associated enzymes are dynamically expressed during mouse tooth development. This bivalent histone modification is crucial for regulating cell differentiation in the developing tooth organ.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Histone methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression.
  • Specific histone marks like H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 are critical for cell fate determination and differentiation.
  • Understanding these modifications in organogenesis, such as tooth development, is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal expression of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 epigenetic marks.
  • To analyze the expression patterns of key methylation and demethylation transferases (SET7, EZH2, KDM5B, JMJD3).
  • To elucidate the role of these epigenetic modifications in murine tooth germ development.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to measure enzyme expression.
  • Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks.
  • Analysis was performed on mouse first molar embryos at various developmental stages (E13.5 to P3).

Main Results:

  • Methylation and demethylation transferases exhibited distinct spatial-temporal expression patterns during tooth germ development.
  • The bivalent histone modification, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, was observed throughout murine tooth germ development.
  • The expression of transferases generally correlated with the presence of their respective histone marks.

Conclusions:

  • Bivalent histone modifications play a significant role in tooth organ development.
  • These epigenetic marks likely regulate crucial processes such as cell differentiation during tooth formation.
  • The dynamic expression of histone modifying enzymes underscores their importance in this process.