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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus
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Stress equips CLL cells to survive.

Rudi W Hendriks1

  • 1ERASMUS MC ROTTERDAM.

Blood
|November 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) partially activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). This finding offers new insights into CLL pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy.
  • The role of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in CLL pathogenesis is well-established.
  • The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress pathway implicated in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of BCR signaling on UPR activation in CLL cells.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking BCR signaling to UPR in this leukemia.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of BCR signaling components in primary CLL samples.
  • Assessment of UPR markers following BCR stimulation.
  • Use of pharmacological inhibitors to modulate BCR signaling and UPR.

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Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus
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SorLA and CLC:CLF-1-dependent Downregulation of CNTFR&#945; as Demonstrated by Western Blotting, Inhibition of Lysosomal Enzymes, and Immunocytochemistry
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Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro
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Main Results:

  • BCR signaling in CLL cells leads to a partial activation of the UPR.
  • Specific UPR pathways, such as PERK and IRE1, are modulated by BCR signaling.
  • Inhibition of BCR signaling reduces UPR activation in CLL cells.

Conclusions:

  • BCR signaling plays a role in UPR activation in CLL.
  • Targeting the interplay between BCR signaling and UPR may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for CLL.