Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Peritoneum

Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
Anatomy of the Peritoneum
The peritoneum is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effect of a Change in the Eligibility Criteria for Multidisciplinary Kidney Care.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2026

Same author

Initiatives to enhance referral patterns from primary care to specialist kidney care:a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ public health·2025

Same author

Risk Factors for Suboptimal Dialysis Initiation: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Kidney360·2025

Same author

Clinical Outcomes and Health Care Utilization in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease not on Dialysis After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada.

Canadian journal of kidney health and disease·2025

Same author

Beyond Acculturation: Contextual Factors Predicting Neurocognitive Performance in a Clinical Sample of Latina/o/e Adults.

AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education·2025

Same author

PLA2R autoantibodies, a multifaceted biomarker in nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Detection of microRNA Expression in Peritoneal Membrane of Rats Using Quantitative Real-time PCR

Detection of microRNA Expression in Peritoneal Membrane of Rats Using Quantitative Real-time PCR

Published on: June 27, 2017

Genetic Polymorphisms and Peritoneal Membrane Function.

Imad Siddique¹, K Scott Brimble¹, Louise Walkin²

¹McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.

Peritoneal Dialysis International : Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis

|November 15, 2014

Summary

Genetic factors influence peritoneal dialysis outcomes. Interleukin-6 gene variations are consistently linked to peritoneal membrane solute transport in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Keywords:

Gene polymorphism encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis endothelial nitric oxide synthase interleukin-6 peritoneal membrane peritonitis receptor for advanced glycation end products solute transport

More Related Videos

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Detection of microRNA Expression in Peritoneal Membrane of Rats Using Quantitative Real-time PCR

Detection of microRNA Expression in Peritoneal Membrane of Rats Using Quantitative Real-time PCR

Published on: June 27, 2017

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Genetics
Peritoneal Dialysis

Background:

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient outcomes are influenced by peritoneal membrane characteristics.
Genetic variants may determine these membrane characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

Systematically review literature to identify associations between genetic polymorphisms and PD patient outcomes.
Investigate links between genetic variants, peritoneal membrane solute transport, and clinical outcomes in PD patients.

Main Methods:

Conducted a systematic literature search of the National Library of Medicine.
Reviewed studies meeting inclusion criteria, abstracting data on high transport status, peritonitis risk, encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), and survival.
Combined data from studies evaluating the same genetic polymorphism and outcome.

Main Results:

Evaluated 18 studies using a candidate gene approach.
Found consistent associations between Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphisms and peritoneal membrane solute transport across populations.
Identified associations between solute transport and polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and receptor for advanced glycation end product genes.
Observed evidence for genetic predisposition to peritonitis and EPS, and links between specific gene polymorphisms and survival/technique failure.

Conclusions:

Genetic factors significantly determine peritoneal membrane characteristics and clinical outcomes in PD patients.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphisms show the most consistent association with peritoneal membrane solute transport.