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Related Concept Videos

Folliculogenesis01:20

Folliculogenesis

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Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
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Tight Junctions01:29

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

A Method for Ovarian Follicle Encapsulation and Culture in a Proteolytically Degradable 3 Dimensional System
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Follicular occlusion tetrad.

Vani Vasanth1, Byalakere Shivanna Chandrashekar1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Cutis Academy of Cutaneous Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Indian Dermatology Online Journal
|November 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The follicular occlusion tetrad links four distinct skin conditions: Hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobata, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, and pilonidal sinus. These conditions share a common origin in follicular occlusion, though rarely reported together.

Keywords:
Acne conglobataHidradenitis suppurativadissecting cellulitis of the scalpfollicular occlusion tetradpilonidal sinus

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The follicular occlusion tetrad is a rare symptom complex.
  • It comprises Hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobata, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, and pilonidal sinus.
  • These conditions share a similar pathophysiology.

Observation:

  • The exact pathogenesis of the follicular occlusion tetrad remains unknown.
  • Evidence suggests a shared pathological process initiated by follicular occlusion.
  • This process occurs in areas rich in apocrine glands.

Findings:

  • Each condition within the tetrad is frequently encountered individually.
  • The follicular occlusion tetrad as a combined symptom complex is rarely documented in medical literature.
  • This highlights a potential underdiagnosis or underreporting of the tetrad.

Implications:

  • Recognizing the follicular occlusion tetrad can improve diagnostic accuracy for patients presenting with multiple related conditions.
  • Understanding the shared pathophysiology may lead to novel therapeutic strategies targeting the underlying follicular occlusion.
  • Further research into the genetic and environmental factors contributing to follicular occlusion is warranted.