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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

4.0K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
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Spatial coherence in near-field Raman scattering.

Ryan Beams1, Luiz Gustavo Cançado2, Sang-Hyun Oh3

  • 1Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.

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Raman scattering in crystals can be spatially coherent, not just incoherent. This coherence in graphene depends on phonon symmetry and confinement, with measured correlations around 30 nm.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Optics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Inelastic light scattering, such as Raman scattering, is typically considered a spatially incoherent process.
  • This incoherence leads to the emission of incoherent optical radiation from crystalline materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that Raman scattering can exhibit spatial coherence.
  • To investigate the dependence of this coherence on the dimensionality and symmetry of the scattering material.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized near-field spectroscopy to probe optical phonons.
  • Measured the spatial correlation length of Raman scattering in graphene.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated spatial coherence in Raman scattering.
  • Measured a correlation length of approximately 30 nanometers for optical phonons in graphene.
  • Observed variations in correlation length related to phonon vibrational symmetries and spatial confinement.

Conclusions:

  • Raman scattering can be a spatially coherent phenomenon.
  • The spatial coherence of Raman scattering is influenced by the material's properties, including dimensionality and symmetry.
  • Near-field spectroscopy is a viable technique for characterizing phonon coherence.