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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

244
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

48
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
48
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

128
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
128
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

164
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
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Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

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Probiotics and pregnancy.

Luisa F Gomez Arango1, Helen L Barrett, Leonie K Callaway

  • 1School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia, luisa.gomezarango@uq.net.au.

Current Diabetes Reports
|November 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Probiotic supplementation may offer protection against pregnancy complications like preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Further research is needed to confirm these benefits for maternal and infant health.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pregnancy complications pose risks to maternal and infant health.
  • The gut, vaginal, and placental microbiomes are crucial for health and altered during pregnancy.
  • Microbiome imbalances are linked to conditions like obesity and diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and infancy.
  • To explore the potential protective role of probiotics in pregnancy-related conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on probiotic supplementation in pregnancy and infancy.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the microbiome's role in pregnancy complications.

Main Results:

  • Probiotics show potential protective effects against preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and vaginal infections.
  • Evidence suggests benefits for maternal and infant weight management and reduced risk of allergic diseases.
  • Current research indicates a role for probiotics in regulating microflora imbalances.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotic supplementation may be beneficial during pregnancy and infancy.
  • Further large-scale, randomized controlled trials and metagenomic analyses are required.
  • Establishing the definitive role of probiotics in preventing adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes necessitates more robust evidence.