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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

968
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

4.8K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
4.8K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

1.6K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.6K
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

1.4K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

651
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

1.2K
β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
14:35

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs

Published on: April 17, 2021

9.3K

Sex differences in new-onset heart failure.

Sven Meyer1, Frank P Brouwers, Adriaan A Voors

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands, s.meyer@umcg.nl.

Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society
|November 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Men develop heart failure more often and earlier than women. However, women face a higher risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), with atrial fibrillation being a key risk factor.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
14:35

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs

Published on: April 17, 2021

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Sex Differences in Health

Background:

  • Established heart failure sex differences are known, but development is less understood.
  • The Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease (PREVEND) study cohort provides a basis for investigating new-onset heart failure.
  • Understanding sex-specific risks is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-specific incidence and risk factors for new-onset heart failure.
  • To differentiate between heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in men and women.
  • To identify sex-specific risk predictors for heart failure development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 8592 subjects from the PREVEND study, with a focus on sex-specific outcomes.
  • Categorization of heart failure into HFrEF (<40% ejection fraction) and HFpEF (>50% ejection fraction).
  • Multivariable competing risks analyses to determine hazard ratios and identify sex-specific risk factors, including atrial fibrillation.

Main Results:

  • Men developed heart failure more frequently (64.4%) and at an earlier age (7.0 years) compared to women (35.6%, 8.6 years).
  • Women had lower incidence rates for HFrEF (1.2% vs. 3.0% in men) but higher rates for HFpEF (1.2% vs. 0.7% in men).
  • Women had a significantly lower risk for HFrEF (SHR=0.47) and a higher risk for HFpEF (SHR=2.16) than men; atrial fibrillation specifically increased risk in women.

Conclusions:

  • Men experience more frequent and earlier onset of heart failure than women.
  • Women have an elevated risk for HFpEF, indicating a distinct pathophysiological pathway.
  • Atrial fibrillation emerges as a significant sex-specific risk factor for heart failure in women.