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Portion size and obesity.

M Barbara E Livingstone1, L Kirsty Pourshahidi2

  • 1Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom mbe.livingstone@ulster.ac.uk.

Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Larger food portions significantly increase calorie intake, contributing to weight gain without subsequent compensation. This effect is widespread across different foods and demographics, highlighting the need for portion control strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition science
  • Behavioral science
  • Public health

Background:

  • Portion size is a significant environmental factor influencing energy consumption.
  • Increasing portion sizes are linked to a higher risk of weight gain and obesity.
  • Overeating due to large portions is sustained and not compensated by reduced intake later.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of portion size on energy intake.
  • To investigate the pervasiveness of overeating in response to large portions.
  • To review current strategies for portion size management in weight control.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of controlled laboratory studies and free-living data.
  • Examination of effects across various food types and demographic groups.
  • Review of secular trends in portion size availability and pricing.

Main Results:

  • Portion size has a powerful, proportionate effect on food consumption.
  • The impact is particularly strong for energy-dense foods.
  • Overeating is consistent across diverse populations, irrespective of age, sex, or BMI.

Conclusions:

  • Portion size moderation is a key strategy in weight management, especially for energy-dense foods.
  • Current evidence suggests a strong association between large portions and increased energy intake.
  • Further research is needed to identify effective, sustainable interventions for portion control.