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A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

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Published on: August 18, 2022

Molecular interactions with ice: molecular embedding, adsorption, detection, and release.

K D Gibson¹, Grant G Langlois¹, Wenxin Li¹

¹The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|November 17, 2014

Summary

Energetic atoms and molecules can embed into ice surfaces, with embedding efficiency depending on translational energy and molecular properties like size and momentum. This ballistic embedding is a key trapping mechanism for various species on ice.

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Area of Science:

Surface Science
Physical Chemistry
Astrochemistry

Background:

The interaction of atomic and molecular species with water and ice is crucial in chemistry.
Previous work showed translational energy activates embedding of Xe and Kr atoms into ice surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the embedding of inert molecular species into amorphous solid water.
To compare the embedding behavior of different molecules (CF4, SF6) and atoms (Xe, Kr) based on translational energy and molecular properties.

Main Methods:

Experiments involving high-energy (≥3 eV) translational impacts of CF4 and SF6 molecules onto amorphous solid water.
Comparison of embedding probabilities and rates with previously studied Xe and Kr atoms.
Analysis of factors influencing embedding, including translational energy, van der Waals radius, and momentum.

Main Results:

CF4 molecules with high translational energy embed in amorphous solid water, with embedding probability lower than Xe.
SF6 molecules did not embed at energies where CF4 and Xe did, indicating embedding rate order: Xe > CF4 > SF6.
Embedding depth is limited to less than four ice layers, and some embedded species can escape before ice desorption.

Conclusions:

Energetic ballistic embedding is a general phenomenon for trapping species in ice.
Translational energy, momentum, and molecular size are key factors governing embedding efficiency.
Findings have implications for environmental science, trace gas management, and understanding astrophysical icy bodies.