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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
Evaluation and management of left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy
R Brandon Stacey1, Augustus J Caine, W Gregory Hundley
1Department of Internal Medicine Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA, bstacey@wakehealth.edu.
Abstract:
Left ventricular (LV) noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a form of cardiomyopathy in which trabeculations fail to "compact" with the left ventricular endocardium during fetal cardiac development and is classically associated with subsequent impairment of LV function, significant mortality, ventricular dysrhythmias, and embolic phenomena. As awareness and medical imaging quality have improved, it is becoming easier to identify trabeculations that traverse the LV cavity and serve as a distinguishing feature of this disorder. Differentiating true noncompaction from mild increases in trabeculations requires prudent imaging and clinical correlation. This review seeks to discuss the potential methods of evaluating left ventricular trabeculations, the role of increased trabeculations in cardiovascular disease, and how their presence may affect clinical management.
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