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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Gastric Mucosa Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis for Detecting Helicobacter pylori and Antibiotic Resistance
Published on: March 7, 2025
Biomarkers for Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroduodenal diseases
1Department of Environmental & Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita, Japan.
Abstract:
Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of gastric cancer. Although identifying H. pylori infected subjects is the first approach for delineating the high-risk population for gastric cancer, the presence of H. pylori antibodies is not sufficient for gastric cancer screening. Among H. pylori infected subjects, only a minority of infected individuals develop gastric cancer. Serologic markers of H. pylori infection can serve as potential predictors for the development of gastric cancer. Serum or urinary H. pylori antibodies, cytotoxin-associated gene A antibodies, pepsinogen and microRNAs were reported to be associated with precancerous lesions or gastric cancer. In this review, we summarized the utilities and limitations of each strategy.
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