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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy
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Can a sentinel node mapping algorithm detect all positive lymph nodes in cervical cancer?

Rosyane Rena de Freitas1, Glauco Baiocchi, Sérgio Bruno Bonatto Hatschbach

  • 1Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital São Francisco de Assis, Jacareí, Brazil, rosyanerf@yahoo.com.br.

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Summary

This study shows sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection is accurate for cervical cancer staging. The combined technique improved metastatic lymph node detection rates, demonstrating its clinical utility.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Cervical cancer staging relies on accurate lymph node assessment.
  • Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a minimally invasive staging technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of SLN detection in cervical cancer.
  • To evaluate the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) SLN algorithm.

Main Methods:

  • 57 patients with FIGO stage IA2-IIA cervical cancer underwent SLN mapping using technetium lymphoscintigraphy and patent blue dye.
  • SLNs were examined by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  • Standard radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed post-SLN detection.

Main Results:

  • SLN detection sensitivity was 88.9% and NPV was 97.5% overall.
  • SLN detection predicted nodal involvement in 98.6% of hemi-pelvises.
  • Immunohistochemistry increased metastatic nodal detection by 4.2%.

Conclusions:

  • The combined SLN detection technique is safe and accurate for cervical cancer.
  • The SLN method, particularly when analyzing each side, enhances metastatic nodal detection.
  • One false negative occurred despite applying the MSKCC algorithm.