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A Comparative Approach for Quantitative Cell Counting Studies in Widely Different Mammalian Brains

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An adaptive threshold in mammalian neocortical evolution.

Eric Lewitus¹, Iva Kelava¹, Alex T Kalinka¹

¹Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.

|November 19, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gyrencephaly, a measure of neocortex folding, is an ancient mammalian trait. Mathematical models reveal symmetric basal progenitor divisions are key to neocortical expansion and species grouping.

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Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

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Published on: June 4, 2014

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Neuroscience
Comparative anatomy

Background:

Neocortical expansion is crucial for human evolution.
Mechanisms driving neocortical expansion are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the evolutionary origins and drivers of neocortical expansion.
Determine the relationship between gyrencephaly and mammalian physiology/life history.

Main Methods:

Analyzed gyrencephaly index (GI) and life-history data for 102 mammalian species.
Developed discrete mathematical models integrating neurogenesis parameters.
Examined progenitor cell division and neuron production dynamics.

Main Results:

Gyrencephaly is an ancestral mammalian trait, with species grouping around a GI threshold.
Symmetric basal progenitor divisions in the subventricular zone are essential for increased neuron production.
Differences in neuron number and neocortical size within groups are explained by neurogenic period length.

Conclusions:

Two principal groups of mammals exist based on gyrencephaly thresholds.
Symmetric progenitor proliferation drives significant increases in neuron production.
Neurogenic period length, not novel lineages, explains species-specific neocortical size variation within groups.