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Why are individuals so different from each other?

P Bateson1

  • 1Sub-Dept of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge, UK.

Heredity
|November 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Organism plasticity allows individuals to adapt to new environments and challenges. This adaptability, studied in epigenetics, shows how genes express differently based on environmental conditions, impacting future generations.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Individual differences arise significantly from biological plasticity.
  • Plasticity is a widespread trait observed across diverse organisms.
  • Two main types of plasticity are adaptability (for novel challenges) and conditional (for repeated environmental cues).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of biological plasticity and its role in phenotypic variation.
  • To discuss the evolutionary origins and implications of epigenetic mechanisms.
  • To examine how environmental conditions influence gene expression and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual review of plasticity in organisms.
  • Discussion of epigenetic mechanisms and their role in development.

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  • Analysis of evolutionary impacts of plasticity on descendants.

    • Main Results:

    • Phenotypic variation results from a genotype expressing differently across environments.
    • Epigenetic mechanisms can be triggered during development, sometimes influenced by parental phenotypes.
    • Organisms may balance survival and reproduction under suboptimal conditions due to plasticity.

    Conclusions:

    • Plasticity is a fundamental biological mechanism driving adaptation and evolution.
    • Epigenetic processes are key to understanding how environmental factors shape phenotypes.
    • Understanding plasticity and epigenetics is crucial for predicting evolutionary trajectories and descendant adaptations.