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Nutrition in extremely low birth weight infants: impact on bronchopulmonary dysplasia

José Uberos1, Marita Lardón-Fernández, Irene Machado-Casas

  • 1Pediatric Service, San Cecilio Clinical Hospital, Granada, Spain - juberos@ugr.es.

Minerva Pediatrica
|November 20, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Premature infants who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) had significantly lower caloric and lipid intake in their first two weeks. This highlights the critical role of early nutrition in preventing BPD.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants.
  • Malnutrition is a suspected contributing factor to BPD development.
  • Early nutritional intake is crucial for preterm infant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of enteral and parenteral nutrition within the first 14 days of life on BPD development.
  • To quantify the relationship between nutritional intake and BPD incidence in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of preterm infants born between 2008-2013.
  • Collected data on cumulative fluid, calorie, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid intake.
  • Utilized descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Infants who developed BPD had significantly lower total caloric intake (76.1 kCal/kg) compared to controls (91.1 kCal/kg).
  • Lower intake of carbohydrates (11.6 g/kg vs. 12.6 g/kg) and lipids (2.5 g/kg vs. 3.4 g/kg) was observed in BPD patients.
  • Nutritional deficits were evident within the first 14 days of life.

Conclusions:

  • Lower enteral intake of calories and lipids in the first 14 days is associated with BPD development.
  • Early nutritional support is vital for mitigating BPD risk in preterm infants.
  • Further research into optimal nutritional strategies for preventing BPD is warranted.
Abstract

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