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Trismus in the paediatric population.

Peter M Shires1, Gabriel Chow

  • 1Department of Paediatric Neurology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|November 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Trismus, or jaw stiffness, can significantly impact newborns and children, affecting feeding and breathing. This review details various causes to aid clinicians in diagnosis and treatment for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Trismus is a rare condition affecting neonates, children, and adults.
  • In newborns, trismus has serious implications, including feeding difficulties, airway compromise, and intubation challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize the causes of trismus in pediatric patients.
  • To enhance clinician awareness of potential trismus etiologies for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • This article is a review of existing literature on pediatric trismus.
  • Causes are categorized into intra-articular and extra-articular types.

Main Results:

  • Extra-articular causes include congenital disorders and acquired conditions.

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  • Acquired causes encompass infections (e.g., tetanus), iatrogenic factors (drugs, cancer, dental treatment), trauma, and myositis ossificans.
  • Oral submucous fibrosis can lead to malignant transformation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Identifying the underlying cause of trismus is crucial for effective management in children.
    • Appropriate treatment strategies can improve the long-term prognosis and quality of life for affected children.