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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Related Experiment Video

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In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing
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Ulnar motor study to first dorsal interosseous: Best reference electrode position and normative data.

Ralph M Buschbacher1, Ozun Bayindir2, James Malec3

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Goodman Hall, 355 West 16th Street, Suite 4700, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA.

Muscle & Nerve
|November 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

For accurate nerve conduction studies of the ulnar motor response, placing the reference electrode on the thumb is optimal. This method provides results closest to the gold standard needle recording, establishing new normative data.

Keywords:
deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerveelectrodiagnosisfirst dorsal interosseous musclenerve conduction studyulnar nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Reference electrode placement significantly influences nerve conduction study outcomes.
  • Accurate electrodiagnostic testing is crucial for neurological assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the optimal reference electrode position for ulnar motor nerve conduction studies.
  • To establish normative data for ulnar motor responses recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Compared latencies using surface reference electrodes on the thumb, index, and little fingers.
  • Validated surface electrode placements against a "gold standard" needle recording from the FDI muscle.
  • Derived normative electrophysiological data from 100 healthy subjects.

Main Results:

  • Reference electrode placement on the thumb produced latencies most consistent with needle recordings.
  • Established upper limit of normal latency at 4.0 ms (97th percentile).
  • Defined lower limits of normal amplitude: 9.0 mV for men and 9.3 mV for women (3rd percentile).

Conclusions:

  • The thumb reference electrode position is recommended for optimal ulnar motor nerve conduction studies.
  • Presented normative data provide a benchmark for clinical interpretation.