Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

3.3K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
3.3K
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

3.5K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
3.5K
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

5.5K
The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
5.5K
Aging01:26

Aging

1.1K
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
1.1K
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

6.4K
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
6.4K
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

1.9K
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Interactions between Lateral Hypothalamic Orexin and Dorsal Raphe Circuitry in Energy Balance.

Brain sciences·2024
Same author

Obesogens and Obesity: State-of-the-Science and Future Directions Summary from a Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies Workshop.

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2023
Same author

Changes in sensorimotor cortex oscillatory activity by orexin-A in the ventrolateral preoptic area of the hypothalamus reflect increased muscle tone.

Journal of neuroscience research·2023
Same author

Behavioral plasticity: Role of neuropeptides in shaping feeding responses.

Appetite·2022
Same author

Orexin enhances neuronal synchronization in adult rat hypothalamic culture: a model to study hypothalamic function.

Journal of neurophysiology·2022
Same author

Anatabine, Nornicotine, and Anabasine Reduce Weight Gain and Body Fat through Decreases in Food Intake and Increases in Physical Activity.

Journal of clinical medicine·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition
11:45

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition

Published on: November 14, 2013

12.7K

The orexin neuropeptide system: physical activity and hypothalamic function throughout the aging process.

Anastasia N Zink1, Claudio Esteban Perez-Leighton2, Catherine M Kotz3

  • 1Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|November 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explore how orexin peptides in the hypothalamus regulate physical activity. This review examines aging, lifestyle, and orexin

Keywords:
NEATagingenergy expenditurehypocretinhypothalamusobesityorexinspontaneous physical activity

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights
09:29

Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights

Published on: August 4, 2023

5.1K
Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease
10:19

Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease

Published on: August 22, 2014

14.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition
11:45

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition

Published on: November 14, 2013

12.7K
Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights
09:29

Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights

Published on: August 4, 2023

5.1K
Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease
10:19

Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease

Published on: August 22, 2014

14.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolism
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Physical activity regulation involves complex neural pathways, with the hypothalamus and orexin peptides playing key roles.
  • Understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms of physical activity is crucial for addressing medical needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review orexin peptide modulation of physical activity.
  • To examine the impact of aging and lifestyle on physical activity and hypothalamic function.
  • To explore orexin peptide roles in age-associated metabolic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on hypothalamic orexin regulation of physical activity.
  • Analysis of studies on aging, lifestyle, and their effects on physical activity and orexin systems.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on orexin peptides and physical activity during aging.

Main Results:

  • Orexin peptides are central to modulating physical activity levels.
  • Aging and lifestyle choices significantly influence physical activity and hypothalamic orexin function.
  • Dysregulation of orexin systems may contribute to age-associated metabolic issues.

Conclusions:

  • Orexin neurons integrate metabolic and environmental cues to control physical activity.
  • Aging impacts hypothalamic function and orexin signaling, affecting physical activity.
  • Targeting orexin pathways offers potential for treating age-related obesity and metabolic syndromes.