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Two distinct microbial communities revealed in the sponge Cinachyrella.

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Marine sponges host distinct microbial communities, with sponge type significantly shaping the microbiome

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Marine sponges are crucial to coral reef ecosystems, facilitating nutrient cycling and providing habitats.
  • Sponge holobionts include diverse microbial communities, which can comprise up to 50% of the sponge's biomass.
  • Understanding sponge-microbe interactions is key to comprehending reef health and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the archaeal and bacterial microbiomes of *Cinachyrella* sponges from South Florida reefs.
  • To determine the influence of host sponge taxa and environmental factors on microbial community structure.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene tag pyrosequencing was employed to analyze microbial communities in *Cinachyrella* specimens and surrounding seawater.
  • Host sponge 28S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify sponge taxa.
  • Diversity indices (Shannon-Weiner) and Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) analysis were performed.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct sponge groups (SG1 and SG2) were identified based on their microbiomes, corresponding to two closely related *Cinachyrella* taxa.
  • SG1 exhibited lower microbial diversity (Shannon-Weiner: 3.73 ± 0.22) compared to SG2 (Shannon-Weiner: 5.95 ± 0.25).
  • While both groups were dominated by Proteobacteria, SG2 harbored a wider array of bacterial phyla, with significant differences in specific phyla abundance between SG1 and SG2.

Conclusions:

  • The sponge host genotype plays a primary role in structuring its associated microbial community.
  • External environmental parameters appear to have a limited impact on the sponge microbiome composition.
  • These findings highlight host specificity in marine sponge-microbe associations.