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Related Concept Videos

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
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Pluripotency and its layers of complexity.

Jolene Ooi1, Pentao Liu2

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK ; Technology and Research, Agency for Science, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #20-10, Connexis North Tower, Kragujevac, 138632 Singapore.

Cell Regeneration (London, England)
|November 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pluripotency, the ability of stem cells to develop into any cell type, is explored through various stages of early development. This review details key discoveries in understanding pluripotent stem cells and their applications.

Keywords:
Embryonic stem cellsEpiblast stem cellsInduced pluripotent stem cellsNaïve pluripotencyPrimed pluripotency

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

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Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
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A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pluripotency is a fundamental property of early embryonic cells, enabling differentiation into all cell types.
  • Various pluripotent cell types, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), embryonic germ cells (EGCs), and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), represent distinct developmental stages.
  • The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized regenerative medicine and developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the historical milestones in understanding embryonic development and pluripotency.
  • To explore the identification and characterization of pluripotent stem cells from various sources, including natural and reprogrammed cells.
  • To discuss the current understanding and future directions of human pluripotency research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental milestones in developmental biology.
  • Analysis of studies identifying and characterizing different types of pluripotent stem cells.
  • Discussion of nuclear reprogramming techniques for generating induced pluripotent stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Detailed historical progression of key discoveries in pluripotency research.
  • Identification of diverse pluripotent cell populations, from embryonic carcinoma cells to iPSCs.
  • Comparative analysis of pluripotency across different species, including human cells.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the molecular circuitry of pluripotent cells is crucial for deciphering vertebrate development.
  • Pluripotent stem cells, including human derivatives, offer significant potential for research and therapeutic applications.
  • Continued exploration of human pluripotency paradigms is essential for advancing regenerative medicine.