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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Related Experiment Video

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Intraword variability in typical speech development.

Anna V Sosa

    American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
    |November 21, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Intraword variability is common in the speech of typically developing 2- and 3-year-olds, decreasing with age but remaining notable even in older children. This phonemic variability is more frequent in longer words.

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    Area of Science:

    • Child language acquisition
    • Speech development and disorders
    • Phonological variability

    Background:

    • Intraword variability, or token-to-token variability, is linked to speech disorders.
    • This variability also occurs in typical speech development.
    • Understanding typical patterns is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate intraword variability in typically developing 2- and 3-year-olds.
    • To establish expected rates and patterns of variability in typical speech.
    • To differentiate typical variability from potential disorder indicators.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 33 typically developing children aged 2;6 to 3;11.
    • Collected three productions of 25 target words per child.
    • Calculated variability scores and analyzed response types and word length effects.

    Main Results:

    • Variability rates decreased with increasing age.
    • The most frequent response was variable with no hits.
    • Longer words exhibited greater intraword variability.

    Conclusions:

    • Intraword variability is prevalent in 2- and 3-year-olds, persisting even in older children.
    • Further research is needed to identify the age when this variability ceases.
    • Clinicians should exercise caution when interpreting intraword variability as a sign of speech disorder.