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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics
Published on: March 1, 2022
Recent developments in metabolic bone diseases: a gnathic perspective
Erich J Raubenheimer1, Claudia E Noffke, Hilde D Hendrik
1Pathology, School of Oral Health Sciences, Medunsa Campus, University of Limpopo, Pretoria, 0204, South Africa, Erich.raubenheimer@ul.ac.za.
Abstract:
Metabolic bone diseases often are asymptomatic and progress sub clinically. Many patients present at a late stage with catastrophic skeletal and extra skeletal complications. In this article, we provide an overview of normal bone remodeling and a synopsis of recent developments in the following conditions: osteoporosis, rickets/osteomalacia, endocrine-induced bone disease, chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder and Paget's disease of bone. Our discussion will emphasize the clinical and microscopic manifestations of these diseases in the jaws.
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