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Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...

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Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...

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Diabetic neuropathy in children.

Jean K Mah¹, Danièle Pacaud²

¹Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|November 21, 2014

Summary

Diabetic neuropathy affects many children with diabetes, with subclinical forms common even at diagnosis. Early detection and new treatments are needed for pediatric diabetic neuropathy.

Keywords:

Diabetes children and adolescents chronic complications diabetic neuropathy diagnosis pathophysiology prevalence treatment

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Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Published on: October 23, 2020

Area of Science:

Pediatric Endocrinology
Neurology
Metabolic Disorders

Background:

Global diabetes rates, including type 1 and type 2, are rising in children.
Diabetic neuropathy, a serious complication, is increasingly prevalent in pediatric populations.
Subclinical neuropathy affects up to 50% of children with type 1 diabetes exceeding 5 years and 25% of newly diagnosed cases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of pediatric diabetic neuropathy.
To cover its definition, prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatments.
To highlight knowledge gaps and future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on pediatric diabetic neuropathy.
Analysis of prevalence data and diagnostic findings in children and adolescents.
Synthesis of current knowledge on pathogenesis and risk factors.

Main Results:

Subclinical diabetic neuropathy is common in children with diabetes.
Abnormal nerve conduction studies are found in a significant percentage of pediatric patients.
The review synthesizes current data on the multifaceted aspects of pediatric diabetic neuropathy.

Conclusions:

Pediatric diabetic neuropathy is a significant concern requiring further investigation.
Current screening recommendations emphasize clinical assessment due to lack of specific pediatric interventions.
Development of rapid, quantifiable diagnostic tests and pediatric norms is crucial for future management.