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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting
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Epigenetics in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Carina Rampp1, Elisabeth B Binder2, Nadine Provençal1

  • 1Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|November 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic factors, particularly DNA methylation, play a crucial role in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma exposure. These mechanisms mediate gene-environment interactions, influencing long-term PTSD risk and resilience.

Keywords:
Childhood maltreatmentDNA methylationEpigeneticsGene×environment interactionPTSDTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Traumatic event exposure is common, but posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a minority.
  • Risk and resilience factors for PTSD involve environmental and genetic influences.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly recognized for mediating PTSD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for epigenetic factors in PTSD.
  • To highlight the role of sensitive periods and methodological considerations.
  • To focus on DNA methylation as a key epigenetic mechanism in PTSD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of candidate gene studies focusing on stress hormone regulation.
  • Summary of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for PTSD.
  • Focus on DNA methylation studies in human and animal models.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic alterations, specifically DNA methylation changes, are observed in PTSD.
  • Candidate gene and epigenome-wide studies reveal associations with PTSD.
  • Evidence suggests epigenetic mechanisms mediate gene-environment interactions in PTSD.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, are vital in understanding PTSD.
  • These mechanisms contribute to the long-lasting effects of trauma.
  • Further research into epigenetics is crucial for PTSD etiology and treatment.