Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inflammation

Inflammation

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

Structure and Function of Leukocytes

Structure and Function of Leukocytes

An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
White blood cells protect the body...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The impact of CFTR modulator triple therapy on type 2 inflammatory response in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2023

Same author

Effect of probiotic on innate inflammatory response and viral shedding in experimental rhinovirus infection - a randomised controlled trial.

Beneficial microbes·2017

Same author

Non-specific airway hyperreactivity in asthma: a clinical correlate to … what exactly?

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2016

Same author

Functional analysis of -351 interleukin-9 promoter polymorphism reveals an activator controlled by NF-kappaB.

Genes and immunity·2009

Same author

The response to combination therapy treatment regimens in severe/difficult-to-treat asthma.

The European respiratory journal·2008

Same author

Robotic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy: an alternative approach.

The Journal of urology·2006

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 22, 2014

Interleukin-4 is a neutrophil activator.

H Boey¹, R Rosenbaum, J Castracane

¹Allergy Division, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|May 1, 1989

Summary

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) enhances neutrophil (PMN) antibacterial activity by boosting phagocytosis and potentiating the respiratory burst. This immune modulation by IL-4 improves the killing of opsonized bacteria and enhances PMN responses.

More Related Videos

Intravital Imaging of Neutrophil Priming Using IL-1β Promoter-driven DsRed Reporter Mice

Intravital Imaging of Neutrophil Priming Using IL-1β Promoter-driven DsRed Reporter Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

The MUB40 Peptide for Use in Detecting Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation Events

The MUB₄₀ Peptide for Use in Detecting Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation Events

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 22, 2014

Intravital Imaging of Neutrophil Priming Using IL-1β Promoter-driven DsRed Reporter Mice

Intravital Imaging of Neutrophil Priming Using IL-1β Promoter-driven DsRed Reporter Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

The MUB40 Peptide for Use in Detecting Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation Events

The MUB₄₀ Peptide for Use in Detecting Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation Events

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Neutrophils (PMNs) are critical immune cells for combating bacterial infections.
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine with known roles in allergic inflammation and adaptive immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of interleukin-4 (IL-4) to activate neutrophils (PMNs).
To determine if IL-4 enhances neutrophil functions such as bacterial killing, respiratory burst, degranulation, and phagocytosis.

Main Methods:

Neutrophil activation assays were performed using various stimuli.
Bacterial killing assays measured PMN-mediated clearance of opsonized bacteria.
Respiratory burst activity was assessed by measuring superoxide production.
Degranulation was evaluated by quantifying lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase secretion.
Phagocytosis was measured using opsonized sheep erythrocytes.

Main Results:

IL-4 significantly enhanced PMN-mediated killing of opsonized bacteria.
IL-4 potentiated the respiratory burst induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in a dose-dependent manner.
IL-4 enhanced fMLP-stimulated secretion of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase.
IL-4 significantly increased the phagocytosis of opsonized sheep erythrocytes.

Conclusions:

IL-4 acts as a neutrophil activator, enhancing key functions.
The observed increase in neutrophil-mediated bactericidal activity is likely due to IL-4's potentiation of phagocytosis, degranulation, and the respiratory burst.