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Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms
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Interventions for treating inadvertent postoperative hypothermia.

Sheryl Warttig1, Phil Alderson, Gillian Campbell

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Active warming significantly reduces the time to achieve normal body temperature in patients experiencing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. However, high-quality evidence on other benefits and harms of active warming and other methods is lacking.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Postoperative Care

Background:

  • Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (core body temperature <36°C) is a common complication of anesthesia and surgery.
  • Hypothermia interferes with normal thermoregulation, necessitating prompt rewarming to prevent complications.
  • Various interventions exist for rewarming patients post-surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative interventions in treating inadvertent perioperative hypothermia.
  • To assess passive and active warming systems in adult surgical patients.
  • To decrease heat loss and promote normothermia after surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Searched multiple databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL.
  • Included RCTs comparing postoperative warming interventions against control or each other.

Main Results:

  • Active warming reduced time to normothermia by ~30 min vs. warmed blankets (moderate evidence) and ~90 min vs. unwarmed blankets (moderate evidence).
  • Active warming also reduced shivering incidence compared to unwarmed blankets (low evidence).
  • Forced air warming reduced time to normothermia by ~60 min vs. circulating hot water devices.

Conclusions:

  • Active warming, especially forced air, effectively reduces time to normothermia in postoperative hypothermia.
  • High-quality evidence on other clinical outcomes, benefits, and harms of active warming is limited.
  • Further research is needed to establish the efficacy and safety of various rewarming methods.