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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.6K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.6K
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

431
Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

352
In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
352
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

2
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

2
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

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Obesity: pathophysiology and intervention.

Yi Zhang1, Ju Liu2, Jianliang Yao3

  • 1School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China. zhangyi@life.xidian.edu.cn.

Nutrients
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Obesity is a major health risk linked to numerous diseases. This review summarizes obesity

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obesity is a complex 21st-century health hazard.
  • It is associated with serious co-morbidities including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and osteoarthritis.
  • Key causal factors include excessive energy intake, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition, with other underlying causes like endocrine disorders and psychiatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies for obesity management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiological studies on obesity.
  • Analysis of established and investigational treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Obesity development involves central mechanisms like impaired brain circuit regulation and neuroendocrine dysfunction.
  • Established treatments include diet and physical exercise.
  • Pharmacological and surgical interventions offer additional management options.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is a multifactorial disease requiring comprehensive management strategies.
  • Understanding pathophysiological pathways is crucial for developing effective obesity treatments.
  • A combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery can be employed for obesity treatment.